Guides and community developer support are available for Google Workspace developer products, including Apps Script, Add-ons, and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). You can find links to the following types of support in the documentation for each developer product:
- Questions and advice—How to perform specific operations in supported coding languages via Stack Overflow and other dedicated community support forums
- Bug and error troubleshooting—How to contact support specialists or get help from the developer community
- Developer product feedback—How to send feedback about each developer product
For more details, go to Google Workspace for Developers.
Contact Google Workspace support
You can contact Google Workspace support for additional help from a specialist. Specialists can help with the following developer products:
- APIs related to core Google Workspace services
- Apps Script
- Google Workspace Add-ons
- Single sign-on (SSO), including SAML apps
Create a support case
While signed in to your Google Workspace administrator account, open the Customer Care Portal. Sign in with an administrator account to the Google Admin console.
If you aren't using an administrator account, you can't access the Admin console.
In the search box, describe your technical issue or question. Then, click Get help.
Review the help content suggestions. If none resolve your issue or question, continue to the next step.
At the top, click Create support case.
Fill out the form with your request details.
- For Product type, select Google Workspace.
- For Category, select Technical > Google Workspace APIs and Add-ons.
If the API or add-ons hadn't been a problem before the issue occurred, then the following information will help us understand your issue:
- The API or add-on name and method, if applicable
- The affected user ID which had been running the API or add-on
- The date and time on which the issue began
- The frequency at which the issue is recurring
- The error code and its message
- The full API request and response headers including the timestamp and body, if applicable
If it's an API issue, is it reproducible using the OAuth 2.0 Playground or APIs Explorer? For details, go to OAuth 2.0 Playground and Google APIs Explorer.
Click Submit.
What's supported
You can learn more about the type of issues that are supported and the level of support available for products, including Apps Script, Add-ons, and APIs.
General areas of support include:
API quotas—Quota increase or usage requests for publicly documented and undocumented API and product limits.
Break-fix and how-to issues are fully supported for API quotas. As for API quota issues, we help you find or verify quota consumption but not from code.
Deprecated APIs—Information or questions regarding deprecated Google APIs and identity protocols.
Note: Deprecated APIs and third-party tools are not supported under any of the scope of support categories.
Google Cloud services—Using Cloud services such as App Engine with Google Workspace services. We support all issues with Workspace APIs being called from Cloud.
Note: We don't support issues with Cloud services which use Google Workspace APIs
Important: Even if third-party tools, such as GAM, Clasp, FlashPanel (developed by BetterCloud), Marketplace or Chrome apps, are using Google APIs, they are not supported.
Issue types
Not all types of issues or questions are supported. When reviewing support available for each developer product area, refer to the "Yes" or "No" markings in each issue type column.
- If an issue type is marked with "Yes": Dedicated support teams address requests within the related scope and prioritize them based on severity. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) may apply, defining response and resolution timeframes.
- If an issue type is marked with "No": The support agreement does not cover the requests within the related scope, and the support team does not address them. Users are responsible for finding solutions independently.
Issue type definitions and examples
| Issue type | Typical questions and responses |
| Guidelines and Help |
Asks about guidelines or tools such as APIs, for example, "How can I change user passwords with the Directory API?" For issues that we don't support, the following options are available:
|
| Breaks or outages | Addresses product defects or an outage. For example, "I'm using Directory API to change passwords, but I am getting a 404 error. My code has never worked before." |
| Design | Asks how best to implement certain features. For example, "Help me design my app that can be used to change passwords using Directory API." |
| Coding | Requires specific help with programming languages. For example, "I'm trying to implement Drive API's file.list method, and I keep receiving a Not found error for a document that exists and for which I've the access permissions. I've attached a reproducible version of my code." |
| Debugging | Requests help to determine why their code isn't working. For example, "I'm trying to use the Directory API in Python but I keep getting syntax errors. I need help finding the issue in my code." |
Developer product areas
You can learn more about which products are supported and the support level each type of issue receives in areas such as Apps Script, Google Workspace Add-ons, and APIs.
Authorizations and SSO
Product / API details
- OAuth—Use the OAuth 2.0 protocol for authentication and authorization of Workspace APIs. For details, go to Configure the OAuth consent screen and choose scopes.
- OpenID Connect—Use Google Workspace OAuth 2.0 implementation for authentication, which conforms to the OpenID Connect specification and is OpenID Certified. For details, go to OpenID Connect.
- SAML (Google IdP)—Use Google as your identity provider (IdP) to set up SSO. For details, go to Set up SSO with Google as your identity provider.
- Third-party IdP—Integrate SSO with a third-party IdP, then access Google apps directly without a second sign-in. For details, go to Set up SSO via a third-party identity provider.
Scope of support
| Products / APIs | Guidelines and Help | Breaks or outages | Design | Coding | Debugging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OAuth | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| OpenID connect | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| SAML (Google IdP) | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Third-party IdP | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Apps Script
Feature details
- Add-ons (Editor Add-ons)—Create and distribute add-ons for Google Workspace applications. For details, go to Add-ons overview.
- Advanced services—Access and use Google Services and APIs with less setup than using their HTTP interfaces. For details, go to Advanced Google services.
- Apps Script API—Manage and execute Google Apps Script projects. For details, go to Apps Script API.
- Cloud projects—Use custom GCP projects to provide a more custom execution environment to your script. For details, go to View or edit Google Cloud projects.
- Content service—Serve web content directly from your script. For details, go to Content Service.
- Custom functions—Create custom spreadsheet functions that you can use from Sheets. For details, go to Custom Functions in Google Sheets.
- Deployment options—Choose to run scripts as add-ons, standalone web apps, API executables, libraries, or as functions within Sheets. For details, go to Create and manage deployments.
- Google Workspace integration—Easily interact with various Google Workspace applications like Google Docs, Sheets, and Forms, Gmail, Google Calendar, and Google Drive. For details, go to Built-in Google Services.
- HTML user interfaces—Build customer user interfaces for scripts using HTML and HTML Service. For details, go to HTML Service: Create and Serve HTML.
- Integration with external APIs—Make HTTP requests to external APIs and handle JSON data. For details, go to External APIs.
- Logger—Record log information for debugging and monitoring. For details, go to Logging.
- Menus, dialogs and sidebars—Create menus, dialogs, and sidebars for use with Google Workspace Applications. For details, go to Custom Menus in Google Workspace.
- Properties service—Store script specific data that persists between script executions. For details, go to Properties Service.
- Script editor and projects—A web-based code editor for writing and managing scripts. For details, go to Script Projects.
- Script execution dashboard—Monitor script executions and errors. For details, go to Manage executions.
- Script execution permissions—Control what the script can access and do within your Google Account using OAuth2 and other authentication methods. For details, go to Authorization for Google Services.
- Script libraries—Allows you to create and use libraries of functions in multiple projects. For details, go to Libraries.
- Triggers—Automate tasks by setting up time-driven or event-driven triggers to run scripts. For details, go to Simple Triggers.
- Utilities library—Provides useful functions like utilities.sleep() and utilities.base64encode(). For details, go to Class Utilities.
- Version control—Manage different versions of your scripts. For details, go to Versions.
- Web apps—Build web applications that you can access through a URL. For details, go to Web Apps.
Feature support
| Issue type | Guidelines and Help | Breaks or outages | Design | Coding | Debugging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Add-ons (Editor Add-ons) | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Advanced services | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Apps Script API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Cloud projects | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Content service | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Custom functions | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Deployment options | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Workspace integration | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| HTML user interfaces | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Integration with external APIs | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Logger | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Menus, dialogs and sidebars | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Properties service | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Script editor and projects | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Script execution dashboard | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Script execution permissions | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Script libraries | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Triggers | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Utilities library | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Version control | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Web apps | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
AppSheet
Feature details
How-to and break-fix issues under the following Google AppSheet features are fully supported. None of the features are supported under the design, coding, and debugging scope of support categories.
- App Deployment—Publish apps to host AppSheet App or app stores. For details, go to Test and deploy.
- Application Templates—Use pre-built templates to kickstart development. For details, go to App templates.
- Apps Editor—Create apps without coding using a visual interface. For details, go to Overview.
- AppSheet API—Manage apps using the AppSheet API. For details, go to Use the AppSheet API.
- Audit and Monitoring—Track app usage and changes to data. For details, go to Monitor app activity using Audit History.
- Branded Apps—Build apps that you can upload to both Android play store and iOS app store. For details, go to What is a branded app?
- Charts and Reports—Generate interactive charts and reports based on your data. For details, go to Charts: The Essentials.
- Chat Apps—Create no-code Chat apps with AppSheet and share them with users in your domain. For details, go to Chat apps.
- Collaboration—Collaborate with team members on app development. For details, go to Manage app versions.
- Data Capture—Capture data through forms, barcodes, and image recognition. For details, go to Capture information in forms.
- Data Integration—Connect to a variety of data sources including Sheets, SQL databases, and more. For details, go to Data management.
- Data Security—Implement user authentication and other security features for secure apps. For details, go to Security.
- GPS and Maps Integration—Use location-based services in your apps.
- Image and File Uploads—Allow users to upload images and files. For details, go to Capture information in forms.
- Notifications—Send push notifications and alerts to users. For details, go to Enable push notifications in your branded apps.
- Offline Access—Build apps that can work offline and sync when connection is available. For details, go to Offline behavior and sync.
- REST API Integration—Connect to external services through APIs. For details, go to External service integration.
- User Access Control—Define who can edit and access the app and its data. For details, go to User access control.
- Version Control—Maintain different versions of your apps. For details, go to Manage app versions.
- Workflow Automation—Define automation rules and processes within your apps. For details, go to AppSheet automation: The Essentials.
Feature support
| Issue type | Guidelines and Help | Breaks or outages | Design | Coding | Debugging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| App Deployment | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Application Templates | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Apps Editor | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| AppSheet API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Audit and Monitoring | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Branded Apps | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Charts and Reports | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Chat Apps | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Collaboration | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Data Capture | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Data Integration | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Data Security | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| GPS and Maps Integration | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Image and File Uploads | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Notifications | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Offline Access | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| REST API Integration | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| User Access Control | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Version Control | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Workflow Automation | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Google Workspace Add-ons
There are two kinds of Google Workspace Add-ons:
- Owned by Google
- Custom add-ons owned, developed, and hosted by Google
If you are a developer, mention the following details when you contact support:
- Amount of installations
- Amount of active users
- Add-on link
- Project ID
Feature details
- App review and approval—We support only technical break-fix and how-to issues. We do not support any of the issue types in the review process, especially those related to failed reviews. For details, go to Publish apps to the Google Workspace Marketplace and App review process and requirements for the Google Workspace Marketplace.
- Audit and monitoring—Keep track of add-on usage, monitor user actions, and log data for audit and analytics. For details, go to Query error logs for Google Workspace Add-ons.
- Build Add-ons using a custom runtime—Extend Google Workspace apps with add-ons built on a custom runtime. For details, go to Build a Google Workspace Add-on using HTTP endpoints.
- Build Add-ons using Apps Script—Extend Google Workspace apps with add-ons built with Apps Script. For details, go to Building Editor Add-ons.
- Custom menus—Add custom menus to your Google Workspace app inheritance for easy access to your add-on's features. For details, go to Custom menus for Editor Add-ons.
- Custom sidebars—Create custom sidebars with user interfaces, forms, and interactive elements in Google Workspace apps. For details, go to Dialogs and sidebars for Editor Add-on.
- Deployment options—Deploy add-ons for personal use, within your organizations, or to the Google Workspace Marketplace for broader distribution. For details, go to Publish an add-on.
- Integration with third-party services—Seamlessly connect with external services and APIs to bring external data and functionality into Google Workspace apps. For details, go to Connect your Google Workspace Add-on to a third-party service.
- Triggered actions—Automate actions based on events or triggers within Google Workspace apps, such as sending emails, updating sheets, or generating reports. For details, go to Triggers for Editor Add-ons.
- Version control—Manage different versions of your Add-on to roll out updates and improvements. For details, go to Versions.
Feature support
| Issue type | Guidelines and Help | Breaks or outages | Design | Coding | Debugging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| App review and approval | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Audit and monitoring | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Build Add-ons using a custom runtime | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Build Add-ons using Apps Script | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Custom menus | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Custom sidebars | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Deployment options | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Integration with third-party services | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Triggered actions | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Version control | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Google Workspace Marketplace SDK
Feature details
- App analytics—Get app listing, user, and installation metrics from Google Analytics and the Google Workspace Marketplace SDK. For details, go to Get analytics about app usage.
- Configure Google Workspace Marketplace SDK—Set up your app in the Google Workspace Marketplace SDK to make it available for use. For details, go to Configure your app in the Google Workspace Marketplace SDK.
- General functionality—General functionality of the software development kit (SDK) API including license management and list notifications endpoints. For details, go to Get app installation and licensing details.
- List app integrations together—Publish multiple integrations together in one app listing to let users install and authorize them at the same time. For details, go to List app integrations together.
- OAuth configuration—Add authentication and authorization to your app before publishing. For details, go to Configure OAuth.
- Update or unpublish an app listing—Change ownership, add OAuth scopes, move your listing, or unpublish your app listing. For details, go to Update or unpublish an app listing.
Feature support
| Issue type | Guidelines and Help | Breaks or outages | Design | Coding | Debugging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| App analytics | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Configure Google Workspace Marketplace SDK | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| General functionality | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| List app integrations together | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| OAuth configuration | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Update or unpublish an app listing | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Core Google Workspace APIs
Feature details
Help questions and questions on breaks or outages for the following APIs are fully supported. None of the APIs are supported under the design, coding, and debugging scope of support categories.
Note: Deprecated APIs are not supported under any of the support categories.
- Admin Settings API—The Admin Settings API allows you to retrieve and change the settings of your domains in the form of Google Data API feeds. For details, go to Admin Settings API overview.
- Alert Center API—Manages alerts on issues affecting your domain. For details, go to Google Workspace Alert Center API.
- CalDav API—CalDAV is an extension of WebDAV that provides a standard for clients to access calendar information on a remote server. For details, go to CalDAV API Developer's Guide.
- Calendar API—The Calendar API is a RESTful API that exposes most of the features available in the Calendar Web interface. For details, go to Google Calendar API overview.
- CardV2 API—Helps to create card interfaces displayed in a Google Chat message or Google Workspace Add-on. For details, go to Cards v2.
- Chat API—Enables apps to fetch information and perform actions in Google Chat. Authentication is a prerequisite to using the Google Chat REST API. For details, go to Google Chat API.
- Chrome Browser Cloud Management API—The Chrome Browser Cloud Management (CBCM) API is a RESTful API you can use to access or update CBCM-enrolled Chrome browser information. For details, go to Chrome Browser Cloud Management (CBCM) API.
- Chrome Browser Token API - The Enrollment Token API is a RESTful API you can use to access information about the Chrome browser enrollment token. For details, go to Enrollment Token API.
- Chrome Printer Management API—For details, go to Chrome Printer Management API Overview.
- Cloud Identity API—Use the Cloud Identity API for setting up and managing identity resources such as devices and groups. For details, go to Cloud Identity API.
- Cloud Search API - Cloud Search provides cloud-based search capabilities over Google Workspace data. The Cloud Search API allows indexing of non-Google Workspace data into Cloud Search. For details, go to Cloud Search API.
- Client Side Encryption API—You can use your own encryption keys to encrypt your organization's data, instead of using the encryption that Google Workspace provides. For details, go to Build a custom key service for client-side encryption.
- Contact Delegation API—The Contact Delegation API allows you to delegate access of one user's, called the delegator, contacts to another user, called the delegate. For details, go to The Contact Delegation API overview.
- Data Transfer API—The Data Transfer API manages the transfer of data from one user to another within a domain. The user receiving the data must belong to your domain. For details, go to Data Transfer API overview.
- Directory API—The Directory API is part of the RESTful Admin SDK API that you can use to programmatically create and manage admin-controlled resources owned by a Google Workspace account. For details, go to Directory API Overview.
- Domain Shared Contacts API—The Domain Shared Contacts API lets your applications get and update external contacts that are shared with all users in a Google Workspace domain. For details, go to Domain Shared Contacts API overview.
- Drive Activity API—The Drive Activity API is used to view changes made to objects within a user's Drive and to retrieve information about those changes. For details, go to Introduction to Google Drive Activity API.
- Drive Labels API—The Drive Labels API is a RESTful API that supports business processes by attaching metadata to your Drive files. For details, go to Drive Labels API overview.
- Email Audit API—The Email Audit API lets you audit a user's email, email drafts, and archived Hangouts chats. For details, go to Email Audit API overview.
- Google Classroom API—Manages classes, rosters, and invitations in Google Classroom. For details, go to Google Classroom API.
- Google Docs API—The Google Docs API lets you create and modify documents. For details, go to Google Docs API.
- Google Drive API—The Google Drive API lets you create apps that use Drive cloud storage. For details, go to Google Drive API overview.
- Google Forms API—The Google Forms API is a RESTful interface that lets you create and modify forms and quizzes, retrieve form responses and quiz grades, set up quiz answer keys with automatic feedback, and receive push notifications. For details, go to Overview.
- Google Keep API—Use the Google Keep API in an enterprise environment to manage Google Keep content and resolve issues identified by cloud security software. For details, go to Google Keep API.
- Google Meet API—Create and manage meetings for Meet. For details, go to Google Meet REST API overview.
- Google Picker API—The Google Picker API is a JavaScript API that you can use in your web apps to let users open or upload Drive files. For details, go to The Google Picker API.
- Google Sheets API—The Google Sheets API is a RESTful interface that lets you read and modify a spreadsheet's data. For details, go to Google Sheets API Overview.
- Google Sites API—Access and modify classic Google Sites content programmatically. The Sites API cannot access or modify the new version of Sites, but can still access classic Sites. For details, go to Access & modify classic Google Sites content programmatically.
- Google Slides API - The Google Slides API lets you create and modify Slides presentations. For details, go to Introduction.
- Google Tasks API—The Google Tasks API lets you manage your tasks and task lists. For details, go to Google Tasks API.
- Google Vault API—With the Vault API, you can manage Retention and eDiscovery for Google Workspace. For details, go to Vault API Overview.
- Google Workspace Events API—Provides an overview of the Google Workspace Events API and explains how you can use the API to subscribe to events across Google Workspace. For details, go to Subscribe to events using the Google Workspace Events API.
- Gmail API - The Gmail API is a RESTful API that you can use to access Gmail mailboxes and send mail. For details, go to Gmail API Overview.
- Groups API—The Cloud Identity Groups API allows you to create and manage different types of groups, each of which supports different features, and their memberships. For details, go to Groups API overview.
- Groups Migration API - The Groups Migration API manages the migration of shared emails from public folders and distribution lists to Google Groups's discussion archives. For details, go to Groups Migration API overview.
- Enterprise License Manager API—The Google Enterprise License Manager API lets you manage Google Workspace and related licenses for all the users of a customer that you manage. For details, go to Enterprise License Manager API.
- Google Meet Live Sharing SDK—The Meet Live Sharing SDK lets you improve your apps to include cowatching, codoing, and other Meet experiences for your users. For details, go to Google Meet Live Sharing SDK overview.
- People API—Provides access to information about profiles and contacts. For details, go to People API.
- Postmaster Tools API—The Postmaster Tools API allows you to gather metrics on bulk emails sent to Gmail users and import data into, or merge that data with, other systems. For details, go to Postmaster Tools API overview.
- Reports API—The Reports API is a RESTful API that you can use to access information about the Google Workspace activities of your users. The Reports API is part of the Admin SDK API. For details, go to Reports API Overview.
- Reseller API—The Reseller API allows you to manage customers and their subscriptions.
- Groups Settings API—The Groups Settings API updates and retrieves settings for an existing Google Group. For details, go to Groups Settings API overview.
Feature support
| Issue type | Guidelines and Help | Breaks or outages | Design | Coding | Debugging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admin Settings API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Directory API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Data Transfer API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Reports API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Cloud Identity API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Alert Center API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Reseller API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Licence Manager API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Chrome Browser Cloud Management API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Chrome Browser Token API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Chrome Printer Management API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Email Audit API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Gmail API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| People API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Group Settings API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Groups Migration API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Chat API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Contacts Delegation API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Domain Shared Contacts API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Vault API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Calendar API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Cloud Search API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Docs API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Slides API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Forms API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Sheets API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Keep API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Sites API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Tasks API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Meet API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Meet Live Sharing SDK | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Drive API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Drive Activity API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Drive Labels API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Picker API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Classroom API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| CardV2 API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Devices API / Cloud Identity API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Security APIs | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| CalDav API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Postmaster Tools API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Google Workspace Events API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Groups API | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Missing in Developer Docs | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Google, Google Workspace, and related marks and logos are trademarks of Google LLC. All other company and product names are trademarks of the companies with which they are associated.